Rarity of Influenza A Virus in Spring Shorebirds, Southern Alaska

نویسندگان

  • Kevin Winker
  • Erica Spackman
  • David E. Swayne
چکیده

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997–1999. JAMA. 1999;282:1123–5. DOI: 10.1001/jama. 282.12.1123 2. Tristan A, Bes M, Meugnier H, Lina G, Bozdogan B, Courvalin P, et al. Global distribution of Panton-Valentine leukocidin–positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:594–600. 3. Zetola N, Francis JS, Nuermberger EL, Bishai WR. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging threat. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:275–86. DOI: 10.1016/S14733099(05)70112-2 4. Hageman JC, Uyeki TM, Francis JS, Jernigan DB, Wheeler JG, Bridges CB, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003–04 infl uenza season. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:894–9. 5. Labandeira-Rey M, Couzon F, Boisset S, Brown EL, Bes M, Benito Y, et al. Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes necrotizing pneumonia. Science. 2007;315:1130–3. DOI: 10.1126/ science.1137165 6. Voyich JM, Otto M, Mathema B, Braughton KR, Whitney AR, Welty D, et al. Is Panton-Valentine leukocidin the major virulence determinant in communityassociated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease? J Infect Dis. 2006;194:1761–70. DOI: 10.1086/509506 7. Bubeck Wardenburg J, Bae T, Otto M, Deleo FR, Schneewind O. Poring over pores: alpha-hemolysin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Nat Med. 2007;13:1405–6. DOI: 10.1038/nm1207-1405 8. Takizawa Y, Taneike I, Nakagawa S, Oishi T, Nitahara Y, Iwakura N, et al. A Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain, another such strain carrying a multiple-drug resistance plasmid, and other more-typical PVL-negative MRSA strains found in Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3356–63. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3356-3363.2005 9. Yamamoto T, Dohmae S, Saito K, Otsuka T, Takano T, Chiba M, et al. Molecular characteristics and in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, including the desfl uoro(6) quinolone DX-619, of PantonValentine leucocidin-positive methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the community and hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:4077– 86. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00847-06 10. Ferry T, Thomas D, Genestier AL, Bes M, Lina G, Vandenesch F, et al. Comparative prevalence of superantigen genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing sepsis with and without septic shock. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:771–7. DOI: 10.1086/432798

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases

دوره 14  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2008